TY - JOUR
T1 - Activation-induced deaminase
T2 - Controversies and open questions
AU - Barreto, Vasco M.
AU - Ramiro, Almudena R.
AU - Nussenzweig, Michel C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We apologize to the many colleagues whose work could not be cited due to space limitations and we thank Nina Papavasiliou and anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health to M.C.N. M.C.N. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator. V.B. is a fellow of the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) ad A.R.R. is a fellow of the Ministerio de Educacion Cultura y Deporte (Spain).
PY - 2005/2
Y1 - 2005/2
N2 - Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is required for three distinct reactions crucial to the diversification of the antibody repertoire; these are somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch recombination (CSR) and gene conversion (GC). AID is a cytidine deaminase and is believed to initiate these reactions by deaminating cytidine residues in single-stranded DNA in Ig genes. This reaction has the potential to produce DNA damage in non-Ig genes and to destabilize the genome. Here, we review the current understanding of how AID is targeted and mutates Ig genes and how genome integrity is maintained during SHM, CSR and GC.
AB - Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is required for three distinct reactions crucial to the diversification of the antibody repertoire; these are somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch recombination (CSR) and gene conversion (GC). AID is a cytidine deaminase and is believed to initiate these reactions by deaminating cytidine residues in single-stranded DNA in Ig genes. This reaction has the potential to produce DNA damage in non-Ig genes and to destabilize the genome. Here, we review the current understanding of how AID is targeted and mutates Ig genes and how genome integrity is maintained during SHM, CSR and GC.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=12744259733&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.it.2004.12.004
DO - 10.1016/j.it.2004.12.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 15668124
AN - SCOPUS:12744259733
SN - 1471-4906
VL - 26
SP - 90
EP - 96
JO - Trends in Immunology
JF - Trends in Immunology
IS - 2
ER -