Abstract
Currently, it is estimated that 1–2 million people worldwide are infected with HIV-2, accounting for 3–5% of the global burden of HIV. The course of HIV-2 infection is longer compared to HIV-1 infection, but without effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), a substantial proportion of infected patients will progress to AIDS and die. Antiretroviral drugs in clinical use were designed for HIV-1 and, unfortunately, some do not work as well, or do not work at all, for HIV-2. This is the case for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20), most protease inhibitors (PIs), the attachment inhibitor fostemsavir and most broadly neutralizing antibodies. Integrase inhibitors work well against HIV-2 and are included in first-line therapeutic regimens for HIV-2-infected patients. However, rapid emergence of drug resistance and cross-resistance within each drug class dramatically reduces second-line treatment options. New drugs are needed to treat infection with drug-resistant isolates. Here, we review the therapeutic armamentarium available to treat HIV-2-infected patients, as well as promising drugs in development. We also review HIV-2 drug resistance mutations and resistance pathways that develop in HIV-2-infected patients under treatment.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 5905 |
Journal | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Volume | 24 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Mar 2023 |
Keywords
- HIV-2
- HIV-2 treatment
- antiretroviral drugs
- resistance mutations
- resistance pathways
- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects
- Humans
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- HIV Infections/drug therapy
- Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology