Characterization of salivary calculi

Calculi in salivary glands and ducts (sialoliths) can be found in about 1% of the general population. Typically sialolithiasis causes long-term obstruction of salivary secretions, leading to atrophy of the gland with concomitant ceasing of the secretory function and ultimately fibrosis. Although some theories have been put forward regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of salivary calculi, the exact nucleation and growth mechanisms remain elusive. An exhaustive characterization of salivary calculi and systematic evaluation of the existing etiologic theories is therefore required.