TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of varying functional monomers in experimental self-adhesive composites
T2 - polymerization kinetics, cell metabolism influence and sealing ability
AU - Ferreira, Marta Nunes
AU - Neves Dos Santos, Marta
AU - Fernandes, Inês
AU - Marto, Carlos Miguel
AU - Laranjo, Mafalda
AU - Silva, Diana
AU - Serro, Ana Paula
AU - Carrilho, Eunice
AU - Botelho, Maria Filomena
AU - Azul, Ana Mano
AU - Delgado, António HS
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
PY - 2023/11/1
Y1 - 2023/11/1
N2 - The aim was to evaluate the effects of adding different functional monomers to experimental self-adhesive composites (SACs) on polymerization kinetics, cell metabolic activity, and sealing ability. SACs were formulated using urethane dimethacrylate as the base monomer and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Additionally, 10 wt.% of distinct functional monomers were added - 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate, glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA). ATR-FTIR was used to determine real-time polymerization kinetics (20 min, n = 3). The final extrapolated conversion and polymerization rates were determined (DC,max; Rp,max). The DC,max values were employed to calculate volumetric shrinkage. The MTT assay was performed on MDPC-23 cells using disc extracts at different concentrations (n = 8). Class V cavities were prepared in 60 sound human molars, assigned to six groups (n = 10), depending on the composite used and aging type (T0 or TC, if thermocycled for 10 000 cycles). One-way ANOVA, two-way, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to treat the data (ɑ = 0.05). Varying the functional monomers had a large impact on DC,max, as confirmed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.001). The highest was obtained for HEMA (64 ± 3%). The HEMA and HEAA formulations were found to be significantly more toxic at concentrations below 100%. For microleakage, having a functional monomer or not did not show any improvement, irrespective of margin or aging period (Mann-Whitney U, p > 0.05). Larger functional monomers MDP and GPDM affected polymerization properties. Conversely, their acidity did not seem to be detrimental to cell metabolic activity. Regarding sealing ability, it seems that the functional monomers did not bring an advantage to the composites. Varying the functional monomer in SACs had a clear impact on the polymerization kinetics as well as on their cytotoxic potential. However, it did not confer better microleakage and sealing. Claiming self-adhesiveness based only on functional monomers seems dubious.
AB - The aim was to evaluate the effects of adding different functional monomers to experimental self-adhesive composites (SACs) on polymerization kinetics, cell metabolic activity, and sealing ability. SACs were formulated using urethane dimethacrylate as the base monomer and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Additionally, 10 wt.% of distinct functional monomers were added - 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate, glycerol phosphate dimethacrylate (GPDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA). ATR-FTIR was used to determine real-time polymerization kinetics (20 min, n = 3). The final extrapolated conversion and polymerization rates were determined (DC,max; Rp,max). The DC,max values were employed to calculate volumetric shrinkage. The MTT assay was performed on MDPC-23 cells using disc extracts at different concentrations (n = 8). Class V cavities were prepared in 60 sound human molars, assigned to six groups (n = 10), depending on the composite used and aging type (T0 or TC, if thermocycled for 10 000 cycles). One-way ANOVA, two-way, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to treat the data (ɑ = 0.05). Varying the functional monomers had a large impact on DC,max, as confirmed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.001). The highest was obtained for HEMA (64 ± 3%). The HEMA and HEAA formulations were found to be significantly more toxic at concentrations below 100%. For microleakage, having a functional monomer or not did not show any improvement, irrespective of margin or aging period (Mann-Whitney U, p > 0.05). Larger functional monomers MDP and GPDM affected polymerization properties. Conversely, their acidity did not seem to be detrimental to cell metabolic activity. Regarding sealing ability, it seems that the functional monomers did not bring an advantage to the composites. Varying the functional monomer in SACs had a clear impact on the polymerization kinetics as well as on their cytotoxic potential. However, it did not confer better microleakage and sealing. Claiming self-adhesiveness based only on functional monomers seems dubious.
KW - composites
KW - kinetics
KW - monomers
KW - polymerization
KW - self-adhesive
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175402062&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1748-605X/acfc8d
DO - 10.1088/1748-605X/acfc8d
M3 - Article
C2 - 37738988
AN - SCOPUS:85175402062
SN - 1748-6041
VL - 18
JO - Biomedical Materials (Bristol)
JF - Biomedical Materials (Bristol)
IS - 6
M1 - 065014
ER -