Effects of sensorimotor training on postural sway during quiet standing in healthy older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Maintaining balance and body orientation in humans depends on the efficient functioning of the postural control system. This study aimed to examine the effects of a sensorimotor training program on postural control in older adults and to explore differences in postural performance between trained and untrained individuals. Methods: Eighty-six participants aged 55–80 years were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 43; mean age: 73.50 ± 6.08) or an exercise group (EG, n = 43; mean age: 72.40 ± 7.03). The intervention consisted of a 6-month sensorimotor training program comprising 45 min sessions twice weekly, using circuits of progressively challenging exercises. Results: ANCOVA-adjusted comparisons revealed no statistically significant between-group differences. However, within-group analyses showed that the control group experienced increases in postural variability (rangeRatio_CE, sway_deg_CE), whereas the exercise group demonstrated minimal or negative changes, indicating relative stabilization of postural behavior. The experimental group also showed improved mediolateral stability (reduced mdML_OE) and maintained or subtly increased anteroposterior sway (maxAP_OE, maxR_OE, rangeAP_OE), reflecting enhanced postural adaptability and confidence, particularly under eyes-closed conditions. Conclusions: Six months of sensorimotor training may help preserve postural control, enhance sensorimotor adaptability, and prevent deterioration observed in untrained peers. These findings support the clinical utility of targeted sensorimotor interventions as preventive strategies to maintain balance and reduce fall risk in aging populations.