Foot modeling affects ankle sagittal plane kinematics during jump-landing

The foot-ankle complex is a key-element to mitigate impact forces during jump-landing activities. Biomechanical studies commonly model the foot as a single-segment, which can provide different ankle kinematics compared to a multi-segmented model. Also, it can neglect intersegmental kinematics of the foot-ankle joints, such as the hindfoot-tibia, forefoot-hindfoot, and hallux-forefoot joints, that are used during jump-landing activities. The purpose of this short communication was to compare ankle kinematics between a three- and single-segmented foot models, during forward and lateral single-leg jump-landings. Marker trajectories and synchronized ground reaction forces of 30 participants were collected using motion capture and a force plate, during multidirectional single-leg jump-landings. Ankle kinematics were computed using a three- (hindfoot-tibia) and a single-segmented (ankle) foot models, at initial contact (IC), peak vertical ground reaction force (PvGRF) and peak knee flexion (PKF). Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted (p < 0.05). The findings of this study showed that during lateral and forward jump-landing directions, the three-segmented foot model exhibited lower hindfoot-tibia dorsiflexion angles (PvGRF and PKF, p < 0.001) and excursions (sagittal: p < 0.001; frontal: p < 0.05) during the weightbearing acceptance phase than the single-segmented model. Overall, the two foot models provided distinctive sagittal ankle kinematics, with lower magnitudes in the hindfoot-tibia of the three-segmented foot. Furthermore, the three-segmented foot model may provide additional and representative kinematic data of the ankle and foot joints, to better comprehend its function, particularly in populations whose foot-ankle complex plays an important role (e.g., dancers).