Rabaçal Roma Villası, Penela, Portekiz:Conimbriga Kentleri ve Sicó Toprakları Bölgesinde Geç Antik Dönemden Bir Akdeniz Üretim Merkezi ve Mozaik Tabanlı Saray Evi

Considering that the word Villa at the same time designated an architectural structure and a land structure, at least three architectural types of FarmHouse or Pars Rustica are known in western Roman Villae (LEVEAU, BUFFAT, 2008, pp. 134- 135). The frst type presents a previously established and highly architectural regular plan, with the buildings dedicated to production contiguous to the house, which was built with a centred plan. This type is traditionally considered as characteristic of the Mediterranean area, as it is the case of the Villa of Torre de Palma, Monforte, in the south of Portugal, dating from the beginningof the fourth century AD. This Villa is organized around three courtyards (one, integrating the pars urbana, another, connecting with the pars rustica, which isimplemented around a third larger courtyard). The second type, also considered as a work of architecture and used as a model for in rure constructions in North Gaulle, presents non-contiguous agricultural buildings, although these are arranged in a regular form along a wide rectangular courtyard, with the palatial house of the Villa, normally integrating the baths, erected on one of the smaller sides of the rectangle, in an axial position. Thus, if on one hand the non-contiguous distribution of the constructions that integrate the components of the Villa of Rabaçal (palatial house with mosaic foors, baths, spring nucleus, farm house and workshops of several professions), dated from the middle of the fourth century AD, is similar to the pars rustica model of the second type, on the other hand it seems to be mainly related with what will be mentioned next, since it isa joint plan of constructions that, despite being very organized, is not confnedto a geometrized design. In this third type, constructions are divided, in different planes, without regularity, in a space that is not clearly delimited and towhich converge alternative paths and different crossings.