Revisiting Standard and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Halitosis: A Review

Catarina Izidoro; João Botelho; Vanessa Machado; Ana Mafalda Reis; Luís Proença; Ricardo Castro Alves; José João Mendes

doi:10.3390/ijerph191811303

Revisiting Standard and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Halitosis: A Review

Catarina Izidoro, João Botelho, Vanessa Machado, Ana Mafalda Reis, Luís Proença, Ricardo Castro Alves, José João Mendes

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases. Most cases of halitosis are due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontitis and tongue coating, yet the remaining proportion of cases are due to ear–nose–throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrine (5%) disorders. For this reason, the diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of halitosis often require a multidisciplinary team approach. This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success.

Original language	English
Article number	11303
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume	19
Issue number	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811303
Publication status	Published - Sept 2022

Keywords

halitosis
mouthwashes
periodontal disease
periodontitis
probiotics
tongue coating

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.3390/ijerph191811303

Cite this

@article{c2133009061f4ecb8684b215de580ba7,

title = "Revisiting Standard and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Halitosis: A Review",

abstract = "Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases. Most cases of halitosis are due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontitis and tongue coating, yet the remaining proportion of cases are due to ear–nose–throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrine (5%) disorders. For this reason, the diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of halitosis often require a multidisciplinary team approach. This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success.",

keywords = "halitosis, mouthwashes, periodontal disease, periodontitis, probiotics, tongue coating",

author = "Catarina Izidoro and Jo{\~a}o Botelho and Vanessa Machado and Reis, {Ana Mafalda} and Lu{\'i}s Proen{\c c}a and Alves, {Ricardo Castro} and Mendes, {Jos{\'e} Jo{\~a}o}",

note = "Funding Information: This work is financed by national funds through the FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under the Project UIDB/04585/2020. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

doi = "10.3390/ijerph191811303",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

journal = "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health",

issn = "1661-7827",

publisher = "Frontiers Media S.A.",

number = "18",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Revisiting Standard and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Halitosis

T2 - A Review

AU - Izidoro, Catarina

AU - Botelho, João

AU - Machado, Vanessa

AU - Reis, Ana Mafalda

AU - Proença, Luís

AU - Alves, Ricardo Castro

AU - Mendes, José João

N1 - Funding Information: This work is financed by national funds through the FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under the Project UIDB/04585/2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases. Most cases of halitosis are due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontitis and tongue coating, yet the remaining proportion of cases are due to ear–nose–throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrine (5%) disorders. For this reason, the diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of halitosis often require a multidisciplinary team approach. This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success.

AB - Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases. Most cases of halitosis are due to inadequate oral hygiene, periodontitis and tongue coating, yet the remaining proportion of cases are due to ear–nose–throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrine (5%) disorders. For this reason, the diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of halitosis often require a multidisciplinary team approach. This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success.

KW - halitosis

KW - mouthwashes

KW - periodontal disease

KW - periodontitis

KW - probiotics

KW - tongue coating

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138342366&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/ijerph191811303

DO - 10.3390/ijerph191811303

M3 - Review article

C2 - 36141577

AN - SCOPUS:85138342366

SN - 1661-7827

VL - 19

JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

IS - 18

M1 - 11303

ER -

Revisiting Standard and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Halitosis: A Review

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this