Somatosensory and psychosocial profile of migraine patients: A cross-sectional study

Background: Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder that involves the brain, characterized by a series of abnormal neuronal networks interacting at different levels of the central and peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, it is known that psychosocial features contribute to the exacerbation and chronicity of symptoms. Objective: To compare the somatosensory and psychosocial profiles of migraine patients with a control group. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the somatosensory and psychosocial profiles of patients with migraine and healthy volunteers. A total of 52 women were included. For the somatosensory profile, Mechanical Detection Threshold (MDT), Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT), Temporal Summation (TS), and Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) in the trigeminal and extra-trigeminal areas were evaluated. Psychosocial profiles were assessed using questionnaires, the Central Sensitization Inventory, the Generalized Anxiety Disorders, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences in the profiles between groups. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Migraine patients showed a loss of somatosensory function in the trigeminal area for MDT (p = 0.019, r = 0.34 and p = 0.011, r = 0.37 for the ophthalmic nerve and masseter muscle respectively), lower PPT in trigeminal and extra-trigeminal areas (p < 0.001, r=>0.60) and less efficient CPM (p < 0.001, r=>0.60). No statistically significant differences were found in the TS (p=>0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in all psychosocial variables (p = <0.001 r=>0.60). Conclusion: Migraine patients showed loss of somatosensory function, lower pressure pain threshold, and an inhibitory pro-nociceptive profile with high scores on central sensitization and fear of movement compared to the control group.