TY - JOUR
T1 - Trends of food intake in Portugal, 1987-1999
T2 - Results from the National Health Surveys
AU - Marques-Vidal, P.
AU - Ravasco, P.
AU - Dias, C. M.
AU - Camilo, M. E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Z. Kovacic andS. Bogdan are with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Unska 3,10000 Zagreb, Croatia. zdenko.kovacicefer.hr, stjepan [email protected], http:llwww.rasipIfer.hrflrcg.M . Balenovic is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. m.balenoviceele.tue.nl. The work of authors was supported by a grant from the Foundation for Promotion of Advanced Automation Technology (PAAT), cio FANUC Ltd., Japan. This article waspresented at the 12th IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control ISIC’97 which was held in Istanbul, July 16-18 1997.
PY - 2006/12
Y1 - 2006/12
N2 - Objective: To assess trends of food intake in Portugal. Design: Analysis of three cross-sectional studies: 1987, 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. Setting: Representative samples of free-living individuals. Subjects: 64734 men and 71282 women. Interventions: Food intake was assessed by questionnaires inquiring the number of meals and which foodstuffs (fish, meat, milk, rice/pasta/ potatoes, soup, vegetables and fruit) had been consumed the day before. Results: Age-adjusted average number of meals decreased from 3.3±0.1 in 1987 to 2.9±0.1 in 1998-1999 in both genders (P<0.001). In men, the percentage of subjects consuming meat, milk and potatoes/rice/pasta increased from 73, 66 and 91% in 1987 to 83, 74 and 95% in 1998-1999, respectively. The percentage of subjects consuming soup and fish decreased from 70 and 56% in 1987 to 62 and 53% in 1998-1999, respectively. In women, the percentage of subjects consuming meat, milk, potatoes/rice/pasta and vegetable increased from 70, 66, 89 and 71% in 1987 to 78, 77, 93 and 83% in 1998-1999, respectively. The percentage of subjects consuming soup and fish decreased from 70 and 55% in 1987 to 64 and 53% in 1998-1999, respectively. These trends were more pronounced in the younger age, which also displayed a higher frequency of snacking. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age group, region and educational level showed that the consumption of meat, milk and vegetables increased and the consumption of soup, fish and fruit decreased in 1998-1999 relative to 1995-1996. Conclusions: Within a decade, the Portuguese dietary pattern has changed considerably, shifting from a traditional, south European to a more Westernized, protein-rich diet. Sponsorship: The Unidade de Nutrição e Metabolismo of the Instituto de Medicina Molecular is partially funded by a grant from the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) ref. RUN 437.
AB - Objective: To assess trends of food intake in Portugal. Design: Analysis of three cross-sectional studies: 1987, 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. Setting: Representative samples of free-living individuals. Subjects: 64734 men and 71282 women. Interventions: Food intake was assessed by questionnaires inquiring the number of meals and which foodstuffs (fish, meat, milk, rice/pasta/ potatoes, soup, vegetables and fruit) had been consumed the day before. Results: Age-adjusted average number of meals decreased from 3.3±0.1 in 1987 to 2.9±0.1 in 1998-1999 in both genders (P<0.001). In men, the percentage of subjects consuming meat, milk and potatoes/rice/pasta increased from 73, 66 and 91% in 1987 to 83, 74 and 95% in 1998-1999, respectively. The percentage of subjects consuming soup and fish decreased from 70 and 56% in 1987 to 62 and 53% in 1998-1999, respectively. In women, the percentage of subjects consuming meat, milk, potatoes/rice/pasta and vegetable increased from 70, 66, 89 and 71% in 1987 to 78, 77, 93 and 83% in 1998-1999, respectively. The percentage of subjects consuming soup and fish decreased from 70 and 55% in 1987 to 64 and 53% in 1998-1999, respectively. These trends were more pronounced in the younger age, which also displayed a higher frequency of snacking. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age group, region and educational level showed that the consumption of meat, milk and vegetables increased and the consumption of soup, fish and fruit decreased in 1998-1999 relative to 1995-1996. Conclusions: Within a decade, the Portuguese dietary pattern has changed considerably, shifting from a traditional, south European to a more Westernized, protein-rich diet. Sponsorship: The Unidade de Nutrição e Metabolismo of the Instituto de Medicina Molecular is partially funded by a grant from the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) ref. RUN 437.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33845271682&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602472
DO - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602472
M3 - Article
C2 - 16788708
AN - SCOPUS:33845271682
SN - 0954-3007
VL - 60
SP - 1414
EP - 1422
JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 12
ER -