Application of bar adsorptive microextraction-large-volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method for the determination of trace levels of agrochemicals in real matrices

Bar adsorptive microextraction followed by liquid desorption in combination with large volume injection gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, under selected ion monitoring mode acquisition (BAμE-LD/LVI-GC-MS(SIM)), was applied for the determination of trace levels of different classes of agrochemicals (using alachlor, diniconazole, fenpropathrin, as well as cis and trans-permethrin as model compounds) in environmental water and wine matrices. Assays performed on 25 mL of ultra-pure water samples spiked at the 2.0 μg L^-1 level, yielded recoveries ranging from 55.2 to 105.6%, under optimized experimental conditions. The analytical performance showed convenient detection limits (8.0 to 32.0 ng L^-1 ) and good linear dynamic ranges (0.03 to 4.00 μg L^-1 ), with remarkable determination coefficients (r² > 0.9982). Excellent repeatability, based in relative standard deviation (RSD) was also achieved through intraday (RSD < 7.5%) and interday (RSD < 7.0%) assays. Studies performed on surface and ground water, as well as wine samples, using the standard addition method, revealed good sensitivity at the trace level.