Effect of Supportive Peri-implant Care After Treatment of Peri-implant Diseases: A Systematic Review

This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aimed to investigate the effect of supportive peri-implant care (SPIC) on peri-implant tissue health and disease recurrence following the nonsurgical and surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases. A literature search was conducted to identify investigations that fulfilled a set of predefined eligibility criteria based on the following PICOS question: What is the effect of SPIC upon peri-implant tissue stability following nonsurgical and surgical interventions for the treatment of peri-implant diseases in adult human subjects? Data on SPIC (protocol, frequency, and compliance), clinical and radiographic outcomes, and other variables of interest were extracted and subsequently categorized and analyzed. A total of 8 studies were included, comprising 288 patients and 512 implants previously diagnosed with peri-implantitis. No studies including peri-implant mucositis fit the eligibility criteria. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were similar, independent of specific SPIC features. Nevertheless, a 3-month recall interval was generally associated with a slightly lower percentage of disease recurrence. The absence of disease recurrence at the final follow-up period (mean: 58.7 ± 25.7 months) ranged between 23.3% and 90.3%. However, when the most favorable definition of disease recurrence reported in the selected studies was used, mean disease recurrence was 28.5% at baseline, considered 1 year after treatment for this investigation, and increased to 47.2% after 2 years of follow-up. Regardless of the SPIC interval and protocol, disease recurrence tends to increase over time after the treatment of peri-implantitis, occasionally requiring additional interventions.