TY - JOUR
T1 - Flow-based dynamic approach to assess bioaccessible zinc in dry dog food samples
AU - Gregório, Bruno J.R.
AU - Pereira, Ana Margarida
AU - Fernandes, Sara R.
AU - Matos, Elisabete
AU - Castanheira, Francisco
AU - Almeida, Agostinho A.
AU - Fonseca, António J.M.
AU - Cabrita, Ana Rita J.
AU - Segundo, Marcela A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
PY - 2020/3/2
Y1 - 2020/3/2
N2 - This work proposes a simple and easy-to-use flow-through system for the implementation of dynamic extractions, aiming at the evaluation of bioaccessible zinc and the characterization of leaching kinetics in dry dog food samples. The kinetic profile of Zn extraction was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and the results were fitted in an exponential function (R2 > 0.960) compatible with a two first-order reactions model. Values of fast leachable Zn ranged from 83 ± 1 to 313 ± 5 mg of Zn per kg of sample, with associated rate constants ranging from 0.162 ± 0.004 to 0.290 ± 0.014 min−1. Similar results were observed compared to the static batch extraction. The percentage of bioaccessible Zn ranged from 49.0 to 70.0%, with an average value of 58.2% in relation to total Zn content. Principal component analysis regarding the variables fast leachable Zn, associated rate constant, total Zn, and market segment, has shown that 84.6% of variance is explained by two components, where the second component (24.0%) presented loadings only for the fast leachable Zn and associated rate constant. The proposed method is suitable for the fast evaluation (<1 h) of leaching kinetics and bioaccessibility in dry dog food.
AB - This work proposes a simple and easy-to-use flow-through system for the implementation of dynamic extractions, aiming at the evaluation of bioaccessible zinc and the characterization of leaching kinetics in dry dog food samples. The kinetic profile of Zn extraction was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and the results were fitted in an exponential function (R2 > 0.960) compatible with a two first-order reactions model. Values of fast leachable Zn ranged from 83 ± 1 to 313 ± 5 mg of Zn per kg of sample, with associated rate constants ranging from 0.162 ± 0.004 to 0.290 ± 0.014 min−1. Similar results were observed compared to the static batch extraction. The percentage of bioaccessible Zn ranged from 49.0 to 70.0%, with an average value of 58.2% in relation to total Zn content. Principal component analysis regarding the variables fast leachable Zn, associated rate constant, total Zn, and market segment, has shown that 84.6% of variance is explained by two components, where the second component (24.0%) presented loadings only for the fast leachable Zn and associated rate constant. The proposed method is suitable for the fast evaluation (<1 h) of leaching kinetics and bioaccessibility in dry dog food.
KW - Bioaccessibility
KW - Dog food
KW - Dog nutrition
KW - Dynamic extraction
KW - Flow analysis
KW - Kinetic profile
KW - Zinc
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85081694544
U2 - 10.3390/molecules25061333
DO - 10.3390/molecules25061333
M3 - Article
C2 - 32183441
AN - SCOPUS:85081694544
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 25
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 6
M1 - 25061333
ER -