Influência da diabetes mellitus no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal

Diabetes is a condition in which there is a chronically raised blood glucose levels caused by an absolute or relative lack of insulin due to insufficient production by the pancreas, or a deficit in the insulin action for the body needs. Periodontal disease is one of its complications, which is a chronic inflammatory disease that begins with an oral infection that leads to a destruction of periodontal tissues. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with knowledge concerning the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases, focused on the effects of Diabetes in periodontal health, through the exacerbation of certain factors presents on this condition. It was made a research of scientifically articles via internet search engines like "Med-line" and "B-on", as well scientifically magazines and books. Immunological, microbiological and wound healing factors were analyzed and compared between diabetics and non-diabetic patients. It was also analyzed clinical attachment loss, and other parameters, which were shown to be significantly higher in diabetes compared to that in non-diabetics, and the clinical attachment loss is higher in those with poor metabolic control. Periodontal therapy is an important factor on the control of diabetic patients and periodontal health. Diabetic patients with good metabolic control should be treated like healthy individuals. For some diabetic patients, the ideal HbA1c levels are not achieved even though they are considered controlled for the disease. There's not a consensus for the use of antibiotics in this patients, but we can see an improving of metabolic control in low doses or in doses without antibacterial effects.