Non-Communicable Diseases and Oral Health: A Two-Way Relationship

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and oral health hold a complex, bidirectional relationship influenced by shared risk factors and systemic interactions. Poor oral health, such as periodontal disease and tooth loss, has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conversely, systemic NCDs can exacerbate oral health conditions due to altered immune responses and treatment side effects. This chapter examines the underlying biological mechanisms that link non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and oral health, highlights the role of lifestyle factors and discusses the importance of integrated healthcare approaches in addressing this critical public health challenge. Evidence-based interventions and recommendations for interdisciplinary collaboration are also presented, emphasising the need for holistic care to reduce the global burden of NCDs and improve oral health outcomes.