Periodontal phenotype modification of complexes periodontal-orthodontic case scenarios: A clinical review on the applications of allogenous dermal matrix as an alternative to subepithelial connective tissue graft

Objectives: The aim of this review is to address the potential applications of allogenous dermal matrix (ADM), as an alternative to subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), in promoting periodontal phenotype modification (PPM) of challenging periodontal-orthodontic clinical scenarios. Overview: The rationale behind the need of changing thin to thick gingival tissues is associated to the superior and more stable treatment outcomes promoted by PPM therapy. PPM, via soft tissue grafting, leads to clinical and histological changes of the pre-established original genetic conditions of the gingiva. Although SCTG-based procedures are recognized as the “gold standard” for the treatment of sites requiring root coverage and gingival augmentation, ADM has been recognized as the most suitable alternative to SCTG, particularly in clinical scenarios where the use of autogenous grafts is not possible. Thus, ADM is considered an optimal option for the treatment of patients with a history (or in need) of orthodontic tooth movement, due its two-fold potential indication: (1) the promotion of periodontal soft tissue phenotype modification; and (2) its use, as a barrier membrane, in hard tissues augmentation procedures. Conclusions: ADM is a viable option for soft tissue augmentation, as well as for treatment approaches involving buccal bone gain. Clinical Significance: Periodontal phenotype modification therapy, when applied in challenging periodontal-orthodontic clinical scenarios, promotes root coverage and prevents the onset and development clinical attachment loss.