Pneumothorax in a persistent canine Angiostrongylus vasorum infection

Canine angiostrongylosis is a gastropod-borne parasitosis caused by the cosmopolitan nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum. It is associated with cardiorespiratory disorders and eventually fatal coagulopathies. A 6-months-old female dog previously diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and pneumothorax, treated accordingly without success, was hospitalized for further treatment. Complementary diagnostics confirmed previous findings plus pneumomediastinum, thoracic exudate, leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, hypercoagulability, and hyperglobulinemia. Coprological analysis showed a severe patent A. vasorum infection. After the third daily fenbendazole administration, all A. vasorum larvae were found dead in follow-up coprological analyses while in intensive care. Upon release, the dog was monitored until full clinical recovery 3 months later. Up to date, A. vasorum infection-related pneumothorax was rarely described, particularly with full recovery of such a young patient. Thus, a parasitological aetiology should be considered for dogs with severe bronchopneumonia or pneumothorax, especially in Europe and South America where increasing numbers of canine angiostrongylosis cases call for enhanced awareness of veterinary practitioners.